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Nephrol Dial Transplant (1992) 7: 1226-1229
© 1992 European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association

research-article

Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C in dialysis patients and transplant recipients with possible routes of transmission

M. Conway1, A. P. Catteral1, E. A. Brown1, C. Tibbs2, P. E. Gower1, J. R. Curtis1, J. C. Coleman1 and I. M. Murray-Lyon1,

1Departments of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, and Virology, Charing Cross Hospital London, UK 2Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital London, UK

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr I. M. Murray-Lyon,Gastrointestinal Unit, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK

The prevalence of hepatitis C infection and possible predisposing factors was assessed in a renal unit

Of 343 patients at our renal dialysis centre, 37 (10.8%) were anti-HCV positive by a lst-generation assay (ELISA, Ortho/Chiron) and confirmed positive in 35 (10.2%) with a 2nd-generation test (UBI, New York). Anti-HCV positivity was significantly associated with: duration of renal replacement therapy (P < 0.0001); quantity of blood transfused (P < 0.002); duration of hospital haemodialysis(p<0.0001); duration with a functional renal transplant (p<0.039); and aspartate aminotransferase (P< 0.0001). Logistic regression determined the following variables to be independent risk factors: duration of renal replacement therapy with a relative risk of 34.3 for5–9 years and 87.4 when the duration was in excess of 10 years; renal transplant for less than 1 year (relative risk of 5.0); transfusion in excess of 50 units of blood (relative risk of 11.6). Clinical assessment of anti-HCV-positive patients revealed peripheral signs of chronic liver disease in 40%, hepatomegaly in 34%, and splenomegaly in 9%

This prevalence of hepatitis C infection is similar to other European and North American centres, but contrasts with low prevalence rates reported from dialysis populations in the UK. It adds further support for routine screening of blood and possiblyorgan donors and implementation of further infection control measures in dialysis centres

Keywords: hepatitis C; HCV antibody; haemodialysis; renal transplantation


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