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Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2008 23(4):1089-1092; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn054
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© The Author [2008].
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


From Helsinki to Istanbul: What can the transplant community learn from experience in clinical research?*

Gabriel M Danovitch

Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, CA, USA

Gabriel Danovitch, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 7-155 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA 90025-1689, USA. E-mail: gdanovitch@mednet.ucla.edu

Keywords: clinical research; living donation; transplant ethics

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

In June of 1964, the World Medical Association developed the ‘Declaration of Helsinki’ (available at www.wma.net) as a statement of ethical principles to provide guidance to investigators and physicians involved in human research. Over 40 years later the declaration remains ‘...a respected institution and one of the most influential documents in clinical research’ [1]. Though it is not binding to any local or international law, it draws its authority from the degree to which it has been codified, or influenced, as well as from national or regional legislation and regulations. Despite criticisms, the declaration is widely accredited with improving both the ethical and scientific quality of clinical research. It should be recalled however that the Helsinki Declaration was not developed and adopted in a vacuum; it was a response to horrific abuses of human rights, in the name of scientific research and medical progress, such as those perpetrated . . . [Full Text of this Article]



   The text of the Helsinki Declaration
 


   Financial compensation for research subjects and living donors
 


   Next steps
 

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